Dynasties of Madhya Pradesh MPPSC 2021

 Major Dynasties of mp

In 600 B.C. Historic India was mainly divided in to 16 Mahajanpada out which two were majorly established their empire on the land of Madhya Pradesh, there were – 

1. Chedi  

• Present location – Bundelkhand region. 
• Capital - Shuktimati 

2. Avanti (Present location – Central Malwa) 

It was divided in to two parts. The Northern part had it’s capital Ujjain and the Southern part at Mahismati (Maheshwar). The most important ruler of this kingdom was Chand Pradyotya Mahasena who was contemporary to Buddha and also patronized to Buddhism. 

When Pradyotya was attacked by Jaundice then Bimbisara sent his royal physician Jivak to Ujjain for his treatment.

Note – Some Northern region of M.P. also came under the occupation of Vatsa Mahajanpad, (Present location – Allahabad, capital-Kaushambi)

 

3.  Mauryan Dynasty 

• In Mauryan period during the region of Bindusara Ashoka was appointed as a Governor of Ujjain.
• His wife Vidisha Mahadevi Shakya Kumari was belong to Vidisha.

 Ashokan Edicts in M.P.

1. Gujjara (Datia)  
2. Rupnath (Jabalpur)  
3. Saru-Maru (Shahdol) 
4. Pangurarua (Sehore) 
5. Pillar edict of Sanchi. 

4. The Gupta Dynasty

• Avanti or Malwa region was the part of the Gupta dynasty during the 4th century AD
• Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) defeated the Shaka of Ujjain and conquered Malwa. He made Ujjain his capital where he gave patronage to the Navratnas- Kalidas,Vetakbhatta, Varahmihir, Dhanvantari, Amarsimha,Vararuchi, Ghatkar, Harisena, And Kahapanaka.
• The rock-cut temples at Bagh Caves ( Dhar District) attest to the presence of the Gupta dynasty in Madhya Pradesh. 

5. Chandellas of Jejabhukti or Bundelkhand 

    The chandellas initially ruled as feudatories of the Gurjar-pratiharas of Kannauj. The                conquered the region between Yamuna and Narmada better known as Bundelkhand. 

• Capital – Khajuraho. 

   Nannuk (831-843 C.E.)

   He was the founder of this dynasty but he was the feudal of Gurjar pratiharas of kannauj.         His Grandson Jayashakti (Jeja) consolidated the Chandella power. 

Note – According to Mahoba inscription, the chandella territory was named Jejabhukti after Jeja.

Yashovarma (925-950 A.D.) 

He was the first free ruler of this dynasty. In 950 C.E. he conquered the important fort of Kalinjar. He constructed the famous Laxman Temple and Chaturbhuj temple (Vishn Temple)  at Khajuraho.

Dhanga-Dev (950-1050 C.E.) 

Yashovarman was succeded by his son Dhanga-Dev. He was the first chandelle king who took the title of Maharajadhiraja.

   

He constructed the temples of Khajuraho in Panchayat Nagar Pattern. 

 

These temples are dedicated to Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religion. Primarily there were 84 temples but today only 25 temples are there, in which the biggest one is the temple of Kandaria Mahadev. In 1986 temples of Khajuraho listed in the world heritage list of UNESCO.

• Vidhya Dhara the grandson of Dhanga Dev constructed the famous temple of Kandariya Mahadev. 

Last powerful ruler of this dynasty was Parmardi Dev or Parmal Dev who was defeated by Prithvi raj Chauhan-III (Raipithora) in the Battle of Mahoba (1182) and Parmardi Dev move to Kalinjar. Finally in 1203 Kutub-ud-din Aibak invaded Kalinjar.

6. The Parmaras of Malwa (9th to 14th Century) 

The Parmaras of Malwa were originally based in the region of Mt. Abu (Rajasthan). Krishna Raj Upendra was the founder of this dynasty. Parmar ruler Vakpati raj munja constructed Munja Lake at Dhar (10th Century C.E.) 

•  Raja Bhoj (1010-1055) 

He was the most celebrated ruler of Parmar dynasty. He founded Dhar city and  established it as a capital of Parmar Kingdom. At Dhar he constructed Bhoj Shala which was the centre of Sanskrit studies here he established the idol of Maa Saraswati also named as Baagh Devi.

Note – Momento offered in Jnanjpit award is a replica of Baagh Devi.

         1 He founded city Bhojpur. (Raisen), he also constructed the Shiv Mandir over there                    Bhojpur is also named as a Somnath of M.P.

         2 He also founded the city Bhojpal (Bhopal) and also modified huge lake over there.

Note – Raja Bhoj is also known as fabled (mythical) Vikramadity.

         3 Write ups of Raja Bhoj – Samrang Sutradhar, Saraswati Kan Bharan.

 7. Kalchuris of TripurIti 

It was the central Indian dynasty during 9th to 12th century. The state of Kalchuris was situated between the Narmada and Godawari River. They were formerly subordinate of the Pratiharas but around the middle of the 10th Century C.E., they asserted their indepence. They ruled the historical chedi region (also known as Dhala – Mandala) from their capital Tripuri, near modern Jabalpur. Their second capital was Mahishmati (Maheshwar).

• Kokkala was the founder ruler of this dynasty. 
• Lakshmi – Karna (1041-73 C.E.) was the most celebrated ruler of this dynasty, as he was great warrior hence is also termed as Napoleon of Central India. 
• Last ruler of this dynasty was Vijayasimha who was defeated by chandella ruler Trilokya – Varman.

8. Kachchapghat Dynasty (1150-1196)

•   Capital – Gwalior. 

 The Sanskrit word Kachchapghat literally means Tortoise killer. They were originally the           vassals of Pratiharas and Chandellas, but mainly history is obscure about them. 

• The temple of Sahastrabahu (Saas-Bahu) was constructed by Kachchhap ghat ruler Mahipal in 1902-93 C.E. at Gwalior fort.

bundeli dynasty of madhya pradesh mppsc

9. Bundela Dynasty 

• The Bundelas are a Rajput clan of central India. 
• The Bundelas, whose origin is obscure, emerged in the 14th century.

 Orchha town in Niwari district of MP’s Bundelkhand region has a peculiar style of architecture used by the Bundela dynasty. The architectural heritage of Orchha town has been included in the tentative list of UNESCO’s world heritage sites. Established in 1501 by Maharaja Rudra Pratap Singh, Orchha has witnessed tough times as well as friendly relations with the Mughal Dynasty.

10. Baghel Dynasty

• Branch of the Solanki dynasty established control over present Rewa. Vyaghra 
• Dev was the first Solanki ruler who came to this area from Gujrat and established his rule.
• The descendants of Vyaghra Dev are known as Baghels. 
• The most known princes and fighters were brothers Aalhaa and Udal.

11. Bhopal State 

 The Bhopal State was founded by Dost Mohammad Khan in 1707 A.D., he was the Pasthun (Afgan) soldier in the Mughal army. He became mercenary & after the death of Aurangzeb he took the advantages of the disintegration of Mughal empire & anneved several territories.

 In 1723 Bhopal came the suzerainty of the Nizam of Heydrabad. In 1737 Maratha defeated the Nawab of Bhopal in the battle of Bhopal & started collecting tribute from the state. In 1818 Bhopal became the British princely state after the defeat of Marathas in third Anglo-Maratha war.

The Rules of Begums in Bhopal : Between 1819 & 1926, Bhopal state was ruled by four Begums. 

(i) Qudsia Begum (1819-1844) 

• At the age of 18 year Qudsia Begum took over the change of Bhopal after the death of her husband Muhammad Shah. 
• She was also known as Gohar Begum. She was the first female ruler of Bhopal. 
• She built Jama Masjid & Gohar Mahal also called Nazar Bagh in Bhopal. 

(ii) Sikandar Jahan Begum (1844-1868) 

Sikandar Begum Succeded her mother as the ruler of Bhopal. During the revolt of 1857 she favoured the Brithishers. She built Moti Masjid & Moti Mahal at Bhopal.

 (iii) Shah Jahan Begum (1868-1901) 

She was the successor of Sikandar begum. She built a small city Shahjahanabad on her name in the vicinity of Bhopal. She also built a new palace for herself – The Taj Mahal palace at Bhopal. It is located beside the Taj-ul-Masjid.

 (iv) Kaikhussau Jahan Begum (1901-1926) 

She was the successor of Shah Jahan Begum. She built Sadar Manzil palace. She was  succeeded by her son Nawab Hamidullah Khan.

The Marathas

Madhya Pradesh was under the control of Marathas between 1720 to 1760. The Holkar of Indore ruled much of Malwa and the Bhonsale of Nagpur dominated Mahakaushal and Gondwana. Pawar's ruled Dewas and Dhar, Scindia ruled the northern part of the state.

12. Holkar Dynasty 

The dynasty was founded by Malhar Rao, who joined the service of the Peshwas of the Maratha Empire in 1721. In 1747, he started the construction of his royal palace, the Rajwada. Malhar Rao was succeeded by Ahilyabai Holkar (r. 1767–1795), his daughter-in-law. She was born in the Chaundi village in Maharashtra. She moved the capital to Maheshwar, south of Indore on the Narmada River. Rani Ahilyabai was a prolific builder and patron of Hindu temples in Maheshwar and Indore. The adopted son of Malhar Rao Holkar, Tukoji Rao Holkar (r. 1795-1797) briefly succeeded Rani Ahilyabai upon her death. Tukoji Rao had been a commander under Ahilyabai for her entire rule. Tukoji Rao Holkar son Yashwantrao Holkar (r. 1797–1811) (also called Jaswant Rao) succeeded him upon his death.  

In 1811, the four-year-old Maharaja Malhar Rao Holkar III succeeded Yashwantrao Holkar. His mother, Maharani Tulsabai Holkar, looked after the administration. At the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the Holkars lost much of their territory to the British and were incorporated into the British Raj as a princely state of the Central India Agency. The capital was shifted from Bhanpura to Indore.

13. Scindia Dynasty

Is a Hindu Maratha dynasty that ruled the erstwhile State of Gwalior. It was founded by Ranoji Scindia, who started as a " -bearer" of the Peshwa Bajirao I. The Gwalior state was a princely state under the British Raj during the 19th and the 20th centuries. Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, Mahadji Shinde, and Daulat Rao Scindia. The Scindias became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century. After India's independence in 1947, several members of the Sindhia family went on to join Indian politics.  

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